Understanding the Why

Before we dive into the physical upgrade process, let’s explore why upgrading RAM and storage are two of the most impactful improvements you can make to a computer. RAM acts as your system’s short-term memory, determining how many applications can run smoothly simultaneously. When your computer slows down with multiple programs open, it’s often because it’s running out of available RAM. Storage upgrades, particularly moving from traditional hard drives to SSDs, can dramatically improve boot times, application loading speeds, and overall system responsiveness. These upgrades often provide more noticeable performance gains than even a CPU replacement, especially in older systems.

Preparation: The Key to Successful Upgrades

Begin by gathering the right tools:

Anti-static wrist strap
Precision screwdrivers
A clean workspace

Use system information tools or your device manual to confirm what type and how much RAM your motherboard supports, as well as which storage interfaces (SATA or NVMe) are available. Create a complete backup of your data before touching any storage drives and keep in mind that upgrading drives requires the resources to transferred all files, software, and the OS to the new drive. While RAM upgrades won’t affect your files, storage changes always carry some risk. For laptops, make sure you have the correct drive size (typically 2.5” for SATA SSDs or M.2 cards for NVMe) and check if you need any special adapters or brackets.

RAM Installation Process

When installing new RAM modules, power off the system and ground yourself properly.
Locate the RAM slots on your motherboard, they’re usually long, thin sockets with locking clips on each end.
To remove existing RAM, gently press down on these side clips to release the module.
Verify the new RAM stick aligns with the notch in the slot. This keying prevents incorrect installation.
Press firmly straight down until you hear a satisfying click and the locking clips engage automatically.
Remember, many systems work best when using matched pairs of RAM in the correct slots (which are often color-coded), so consult your motherboard manual for optimal configuration.

Storage Upgrade Procedures

For storage upgrades, you’ll typically encounter two scenarios: replacing an existing drive or adding a secondary one. When replacing, carefully note how the current drive connects - 2.5 SATA drives have an L-shaped connector for the drive and a straight connector for the motherboard. NVMe drives slide into M.2 slots at a slight angle before being secured with a tiny screw. Take this opportunity to clean the laptop exterior and remove any dust inside. If you’re migrating your operating system, prepare a USB installer for your operating system and consider disk cloning software to transfer your existing setup to the new drive.

Post-Upgrade Verification

After completing both upgrades, take a moment to double-check all connections before powering on. Your system might perform a memory check on first boot, this is normal.

The following portion is for those looking to upgrade an existing system. Our recommended System Setup lesson will go over installing Ubuntu, which is the preferred operating system for our participants.

Once in your operating system, verify the upgrades were recognized by checking system information.

For RAM, confirm the full amount is detected at the correct speed.

For storage, make sure your new drive appears with the expected capacity and test the speed improvement by opening several applications simultaneously.

If any issues come up, don’t panic - most problems stem from components not being fully seated or needing BIOS adjustments. These practical troubleshooting experiences are valuable learning opportunities in themselves.

This hands-on lab not only improves your computer’s performance, but also builds essential hardware skills that translate to nearly every aspect of IT work. With successful RAM and storage upgrades completed, you’ve taken an important step toward becoming comfortable with computer hardware modifications - a fundamental skill for any IT professional, enthusiast, or user.

Review Questions

How does upgrading RAM and storage improve your computer's capabilities?
What indicates you may need new or more RAM?
True or false: RAM doesn't need to be supported by the motherboard.
Explain the similarities and differences between SATA and NVMe.
Why should you backup your data before installing new storage?
List the steps required to install new RAM to your system.
How, and why, should you clean a system? What methods or materials should be avoided?
Where can you verify updates were recognized by the system?