Welcome to the first course in the Tzintiliztli Workshop Series, Introduction to Philosophy!

This course is foundational in understanding the philosophy of Cipactlan and our broader community, how we operate, and why we operate the way we do. More directly, this course is first in the series because it prepares you to operate within an online environment that is, at times, full of conflicting or false information. You will be introduced to key philosophical ideas, the scientific method, critical thinking and argumentation, Indigenous worldviews, and how these concepts can be used in every day life.

What You’ll Learn

By the end of this course, you’ll be able to:

  • Understand how individual morality shapes ethics, and vice-versa.

  • Explain the core values and practices of scientific thought and research.

  • Structure a strong argument.

  • Recognize bias and logical fallacies.

  • Explain different discussion types.

  • Understand Indigenous worldviews and how they shape Cipactlan’s philosophy.

  • Apply course material to real-world scenarios.

What is Philosophy?

Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. Rather than accepting things as they seem, or as we're told, philosophy teaches us to question, analyze, and think for ourselves. What comes to mind when you think of philosophy? Some may think of the forums in Huexotzinco or Ancient Greece, others of Taoist monks, while others may imagine a room full of academics hosting a debate. While these examples are very distinct from one another, they all demonstrate different forms of philosophical thought and practice. Although the differences are great, there is one element that binds these disciplines to one another--the desire to understand ourselves and the places we inhabit.

Why does Philosophy Matter?

It's possible you may think philosophy is only for scholars that specialize in obscure ideas, but it's everywhere. Ethics, for example, guides decisions in medicine, technology, and laws. Logic helps us form strong arguments and recognize arguments that are weak. Epistemology, the study of knowledge, teaches us how to evaluate facts, misinformation, and bias. Philosophy also helps us reflect on our values and understand different perspectives so we can evolve and grow as individuals, a community, and as a society.

Branches of Philosophy

Philosophy is split into key areas. Notable branches include:

  • Ethics: What is right and wrong? How should we live?

  • Logic: How do we build strong arguments and avoid bad reasoning?

  • Metaphysics: What is real? (Time, space, consciousness, etc.)

  • Epistemology: What is knowledge? How do we know what’s true?

  • Aesthetics: What is beauty? Why do we value arts

Let’s Begin!

Philosophy isn’t simply about memorizing answers, it’s about asking better questions. Whether you’re interested in technology, science, art, or just understanding life more deeply, this course will give you tools to think critically and ethically.

Review Questions

At the end of each lesson, you will find a list of questions which you should be able to answer before moving forward. These aren’t meant to be a reason to be nervous or stressed, but as a tool of self reflection which allows you to know whether or not you are ready to proceed.

  • What is philosophy?

  • What does philosophy teach us?

  • What are some examples of philosophy in practice?

  • Think of some decisions that are guided by ethics.

  • Why is logic important?

  • How does epistemology relate to learning?

  • Explain two branches of philosophy.

If you are able to answer these questions, congratulations! You are ready to move on to the next lesson. We look forward to seeing you grow and advance within this course.